Theodolite survey procedure is the most accurate instrument theodolite used in the measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. It consists of a telescope to see distant objects. The telescope has two distinct motions, one in the horizontal plane and the other…
Contour survey procedure leveling is the art of determining and representing the relative heights or elevations of different points on the surface of the earth, Continuous surveying, and leveling are two important aspects of civil engineering. The elevations and depressions of…
Correct line out of building setting procedure are two Important and basic requirements of starting any project successfully. Mistakes in line out of building setting procedure can cause considerable losses, leading to the demolition of certain parts of the structure. Line-out should always be cross-checked by…
The Indian advanced construction techniques industry is experiencing a period of fast growth. Aiming to overcome the housing problem, it also has to face the dual challenge of fulfilling the needs of the client and maintain the quality standards. At…
